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Lines of Control

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Map

[Map image: assets/lines-of-control.jpg]Lines of Control

Who actually holds the ground: occupied territory, breakaway states, buffer zones, active fronts and areas run by armed groups, drawn over the recognized borders.

Data

Area	Who holds it	Since	Status	Evidence date	Source
Europe and post-Soviet space: regional lines · 12
Crimea and Sevastopol Note Retain Ukraine’s internationally recognized border and show the Russian occupation as an overlay.	Russia	Feb to Mar 2014	Frozen control within an active war	9 Nov 2026 terrain map	ISW terrain assessment
Russian held mainland Ukraine Note Trace ISW’s dated control line. Russia claims the entirety of several oblasts that its forces only partly occupy.	Russian forces in portions of eastern and southern Ukraine and northern border sectors	Parts since 2014. Major changes since Feb 2022.	Active and contested	9 to 10 Nov 2026	ISW terrain maps ISW assessment via Kyiv Post
Russo Ukrainian front and border sectors Note Distinguish assessed control, claims and infiltration. Recheck former Ukrainian positions inside Russia, including Kursk, before using an older outline.	Russian and Ukrainian forces along shifting lines	Full scale war since Feb 2022	Active and contested	Nov 2026 terrain assessments	ISW map room
Abkhazia Note Georgia’s recognized territory includes Abkhazia. The de facto authorities administer the breakaway territory.	Abkhaz de facto authorities backed by Russian forces	1992 to 1993. Expanded in 2008.	Frozen and contested	EU policy checked 11 Nov 2026	Council of the EU Georgia policy EU relations assessment
South Ossetia or Tskhinvali region Note Georgia’s recognized territory includes South Ossetia. Fences, posts and other changes along the administrative boundary require a local inset.	South Ossetian de facto authorities and Russian forces	1991 to 1992. Expanded in 2008.	Frozen and contested	18 Sep 2026 statement	Council of the EU statement
Transnistria and Bender or Tighina Note The control line crosses the Dniester. Tiraspol administers Bender on the west bank. Chișinău administers some east bank villages, including Cocieri and Molovata Nouă.	Tiraspol de facto authorities with Russian military presence	1990 to 1992	Frozen and contested	Jan and Sep 2026 reporting	OSCE Mission to Moldova Moldova Joint Control Commission account
Dniester Security Zone Note Label the security arrangements and identify local authorities separately. Checkpoint control can differ from village administration.	Joint security arrangements involving Moldovan, Russian and Transnistrian contingents	Jul 1992	Frozen and contested	15 Jan 2026 commission meeting	Moldova Joint Control Commission account
Kosovo Note Recognition is divided. Northern Kosovo has Serbian political and community institutions alongside Kosovo’s state structures. The evidence does not establish a separate Serbian controlled state there.	Kosovo institutions. NATO’s KFOR has a security role.	Outside effective Belgrade administration since 1999. Independence declared in 2008.	Frozen and contested sovereignty	10 Nov 2026 update	NATO role in Kosovo
Northern Cyprus Note Show the main northern zone, Kokkina enclave and the fenced part of Varosha at appropriate scales. Varosha has a distinct military control history.	Turkish Cypriot authorities and Turkish forces	1974. Northern administration declared independence in 1983.	Frozen and contested	2026 UN mandate	UNFICYP buffer geography UN Security Council Resolution 2815
Cyprus Green Line buffer zone Note Use both ceasefire lines. The UN calls for restoration of the pre June 2000 military situation at Strovilia. Separate village use, ceasefire lines and military positions.	UNFICYP monitors and regulates the buffer zone. Civilian use continues in parts.	Present ceasefire alignment 1974	Frozen with local disputes	2026 UN mandate	UNFICYP buffer geography UN Security Council Resolution 2815
Armenia Azerbaijan border positions outside the claimed alignment Note Parcels depend on the applicable Soviet map and completed delimitation. Separate the enclave rows and the four non enclave villages transferred to Azerbaijan in 2024.	Azerbaijani positions inside territory Armenia identifies as Armenian, plus smaller opposite side anomalies	Especially 2021 to 2022	Contested	2025 survey. November 2026 footprint unverified.	CivilNet territorial survey Initialed Armenia Azerbaijan agreement CFR border chronology
Gibraltar Note Use a disputed sovereignty label. Gibraltar appears on the UN list of Non Self Governing Territories.	United Kingdom and Gibraltar institutions. Spain disputes sovereignty.	British control 1704. Treaty 1713.	Frozen and disputed sovereignty	UN administering power entry	UN decolonization profile
Middle East and Africa: regional lines · 37
West Bank including East Jerusalem Note Areas A, B and C describe different administrative and security arrangements. East Jerusalem requires a distinct label within the occupied territory.	Israel exercises occupation authority. The Palestinian Authority administers parts of the West Bank.	Occupation since 1967. Oslo divisions in the 1990s.	Active and contested	Dec 2025 access map. Oct 2026 reporting.	UN OCHA West Bank access map OCHA situation report
Gaza Strip and internal separation lines Note The UN commission assessed at least 60 percent under Israeli control on 2 September. The original 53 percent was a ceasefire allocation. The later Orange Line describes access restrictions and requires a separate symbol.	Israeli forces in military held sectors. Palestinian de facto authorities and armed actors elsewhere.	Hamas administration since 2007. Ground changes since 2023. Yellow Line since Oct 2025.	Active and contested	2 Sep 2026 assessment. Changes reported in Oct.	UN Commission of Inquiry OCHA situation report
Israeli occupied Golan Heights Note Separate the long held Golan from Israeli positions established beyond the UNDOF separation line after December 2024.	Israel	1967	Frozen and contested sovereignty	Spring 2026 security reporting	EUAA Quneitra control
UNDOF separation area and southern Syrian positions Note A verified position or patrol route describes military presence at that location. A civilian administration boundary requires additional evidence.	Israeli forces at positions within and beyond the UN monitored area. Syrian government elsewhere.	Dec 2024 onward	Active and contested	Spring 2026 reporting	EUAA Quneitra control
Southern Lebanon belt and positions Note The earlier UN reference to five positions describes an older arrangement. The November CRS assessment reports a broader buffer and additional fortified positions. See the local entries for Ghajar, Shebaa Farms and Kfar Shuba.	Israeli forces in areas beyond the Blue Line	Renewed incursions in 2024. Further changes in 2026.	Active and contested	9 Nov 2026 assessment	CRS Lebanon assessment UN Security Council Resolution 2790
Northeastern Syria Kurdish and SDF areas Note EUAA reports significant losses to the transitional government in early 2026. Kobane and remaining Kurdish areas need location specific verification because local administration and military deployments changed at different times.	Residual SDF and local Kurdish authority alongside expanding transitional government authority and integration	Kurdish administration from 2012. Major contraction in Jan 2026.	Contested	Jan to spring 2026 reporting	EUAA SDF territorial control
Suwayda or Sweida Note Distinguish Druze held central and southern areas from government held approaches and sectors.	Druze authorities and armed groups including National Guard structures. Transitional government in other parts.	Local autonomy predates 2024. Consolidation in 2025.	Active and contested	Spring 2026 control reporting	EUAA Sweida control
Turkish military sites in northern Syria Note Verify the November installation footprint. Older maps of Syrian National Army areas indicate a different date and kind of authority.	Turkish forces at installations. Local civilian and transitional government authority varies.	Operations since 2016	Contested	31 Jan 2026 areas of influence map	EUAA and UN areas of influence
Turkish military sites in northern Iraq Note Track the actual handover date separately from the agreement. Map installations at site scale.	Turkish military at specific sites, including Bashiqa Zilkan pending handover	Dates vary. Bashiqa since 2015.	Contested transition	11 Nov 2026 withdrawal reporting	Breaking Defense handover assessment
Houthi held Yemen Note The coastal and southern fronts have changed. Use the latest verified control line for individual sectors.	Ansar Allah or Houthi authorities in Sana’a and much of the northwest	Sana’a seized in Sep 2014. Expansion in 2015.	Active and contested	Oct 2026 briefing	UK Parliament Yemen briefing
Yemen areas held by anti Houthi forces Note The Southern Transitional Council’s January 2026 territorial reversal supersedes its older southern control outline.	Presidential Leadership Council and associated forces	Fragmented since 2015. Reordered in 2026.	Active and contested	Oct 2026 briefing	UK Parliament Yemen briefing
Libya east south and west Note Local armed groups exercise authority within both broad zones. Label the Sirte area line and the limits of the reported zones of influence.	LAAF and eastern administration in the east and much of the south. Tripoli GNU and western coalitions in the west.	Rival governments from 2014. Main ceasefire alignment in 2020.	Frozen main line with local fighting	Jul 2026 assessment	CRS Libya assessment
Zawiya and western Libyan militia localities Note Coercive and economic authority overlaps with formal state functions. Depict the locality and verified positions at urban scale.	Rival local armed groups, some formally affiliated with the state	Post 2011. Alliances vary.	Active and contested	Aug 2026 reporting	ACLED Zawiya assessment
Western Sahara west and north of the berm Note Depict Morocco’s control alongside Western Sahara’s disputed sovereignty and UN decolonization status.	Morocco controls the main cities and coastline	1975 to 1979. Berm consolidated in the 1980s.	Contested and intermittently active	4 Nov 2026 reporting	Reuters on ceasefire and control UN list of Non Self Governing Territories
Western Sahara east and south of the berm Note The refugee camps near Tindouf are across the border in Algeria. Keep them geographically distinct from Polisario operations east of the berm.	Polisario and SADR operational and administrative areas	Berm era division. Hostilities renewed in 2020.	Active and contested	4 Nov 2026 reporting	Reuters on ceasefire and control
Somaliland actual control Note Use the held territory rather than the full former British Somaliland outline. Israel formally recognized Somaliland in December 2025.	Somaliland government	1991	Frozen in the core. Contested in the east.	Mar 2026 control map	EUAA eastern control assessment Reuters recognition report
Sool Sanaag Cayn and Northeastern State interface Note Northeastern State claims more territory than it controls. The source differentiates Laas Caanood and eastern Sool from mixed sectors and limited presence in Sanaag.	Northeastern State or SSC derived forces, Somaliland and Puntland in different sectors	Las Anod reversal Aug 2023. State formation Jul 2025.	Contested with local fighting	31 Mar 2026 control map	EUAA Sool and Northeastern State
South central Somalia held by Al Shabaab Note Shadow taxation extends outside directly held areas. Use town records and the dated control map for local distinctions.	Al Shabaab in rural areas and towns including Jilib. Government and allied garrisons interrupt those areas.	Evolving since the mid 2000s	Active and contested	31 Mar 2026 control map	EUAA Al Shabaab control and influence EUAA Somalia control maps
RSF held parts of Darfur Kordofan and northern Sudan Note The mapped area includes much of Darfur, West Kordofan and the northern supply corridor, with important exceptions. Refresh the front lines before print.	Rapid Support Forces and allies	War began Apr 2023. Local captures vary.	Active and contested	31 Aug 2026 map	EUAA Sudan control map
Jebel Marra Note Preserve this distinct area within Darfur.	Sudan Liberation Movement Abdul Wahid faction in its core mountain territory	Darfur war era from 2003	Contested with surrounding fighting	31 Aug 2026 map	EUAA Sudan control map
Nuba Mountains and parts of Blue Nile Note Distinguish independent SPLM N control from RSF allied or contested sectors.	SPLM N al Hilu and associated forces. RSF allies share or contest some sectors.	Renewed war from 2011. Alliance changes in 2025 and 2026.	Active and contested	31 Aug 2026 map	EUAA Sudan control map
Abyei Note Identify distinct military and policing footprints within the disputed area. UNISFA deployment does not establish exclusive administration.	UNISFA monitors the area. RSF linked elements are present in the north and South Sudanese personnel in the south.	Disputed since South Sudan’s 2011 independence	Active and contested	Oct to Nov 2026 reporting	EUAA Abyei actors Security Council Report
South Sudan opposition held pockets Note Confirm each locality and the observation date. The report identifies several areas where access was restricted because of reported opposition control or presence.	SPLA IO and allied or local forces in parts of Jonglei, Upper Nile and elsewhere	Civil war since 2013. Changes in 2025 and 2026.	Active and contested	Jun 2026 access and conflict reporting	FEWS NET outlook
Halaib Triangle and Wadi Halfa salient Note Show the interstate boundary dispute separately from Sudan’s civil war. Competing colonial alignments also explain Bir Tawil’s unusual status.	Egypt. Sudan disputes sovereignty.	Egyptian consolidation in Halaib during the 1990s through 2000	Frozen and disputed sovereignty	Oct 2026 reporting on Halaib	EUAA Red Sea control National Geographic map policy
Al Fashaga Note Distinguish military posts, disputed farmland and competing border alignments.	Predominantly Sudanese military control. Ethiopian incursions and competing boundary interpretations.	Major Sudanese takeover from late 2020	Contested with intermittent fighting	Oct 2026 conflict update	Chatham House border study EUAA Gedaref update
Western Tigray and Eritrean held border pockets Note Keep the internal regional boundary and the international boundary distinct. Verify individual Eritrean positions before drawing a solid area.	Amhara forces in disputed western Tigray. Eritrean forces in some Ethiopian border areas.	2020 to 2021	Active and contested	6 Nov 2026 assessment	CRS Ethiopia assessment
Other contested parts of Tigray Amhara and Oromia Note Use local control or contested points. Whole region fills would conceal federal positions and changing authority.	TDF and TPLF, Fano and OLA respectively, with different political relationships and rural footholds	Dates vary. Fano conflict especially since 2023.	Active and contested	Oct to 9 Nov 2026 reporting	UK Home Office Ethiopia assessment CFR Ethiopia tracker
AFC M23 held eastern DR Congo Note Confirm current held towns and lines. Uvira was captured in December 2025 and the FCDO reports withdrawal in January 2026.	AFC M23 supported by and operating alongside Rwandan forces. Includes Goma, Bukavu and surrounding areas.	Expansion from 2022. Goma and Bukavu captured in 2025.	Active and contested	Oct 2026 and live FCDO reporting	UK FCDO DR Congo advice Security Council Report
JNIM areas in Mali Burkina Faso and neighboring borderlands Note Disaggregate held sites, areas subject to taxation, besieged towns and reported movement corridors.	JNIM and affiliates exercise varying rural administration, taxation and access control	Expansion from 2012 to 2017 onward	Active and contested	10 to 11 Nov 2026 reporting	ACLED Sahel updates ACLED JNIM profile
Islamic State Sahel zones Note Interfaces with state forces and JNIM shift. Confirm sites separately from reported operations.	IS Sahel or ISSP, especially along the Mali Niger borderlands	Expansion from the mid 2010s	Active and contested	10 to 11 Nov 2026 reporting	ACLED Sahel updates
Lake Chad basin and northeastern Nigeria Note State held towns interrupt insurgent control. The factions’ operating regions exceed their verified held areas.	ISWAP and JAS or Boko Haram in distinct rural, island and forest zones	Insurgency from 2009. Territorial phases from 2013 to 2014.	Active and contested	EUAA reference period preceding Jan 2026	EUAA Nigerian armed actors
Ceuta and Melilla Note Spanish autonomous cities. See the coastal detail for smaller nearby possessions.	Spain. Morocco claims the cities.	Melilla since 1497. Ceuta under Spanish crown since 1580.	Frozen and disputed sovereignty	2026 briefing	UK Parliament Ceuta briefing
Mayotte Note France cites local votes in favor of remaining French. Attribute France’s legal characterization to its government.	France. Comoros claims the island.	French administration from 1841. Separation disputed since 1975.	Frozen and disputed sovereignty	2025 French position	French Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Europa Bassas da India Juan de Nova Glorieuses and Tromelin Note Show island or reef points at world scale. The sovereignty claims are distinct from maritime zones.	France. Madagascar claims the first four. Mauritius claims Tromelin.	Varying colonial era dates. Current TAAF administration.	Frozen and disputed sovereignty	Live French agency pages	CNES geographic assessment TAAF administration
Chagos Archipelago and Diego Garcia Note The UK and Mauritius signed a transfer treaty in 2025. The October 2026 briefing says it had yet to enter into force.	United Kingdom administers. Joint UK and US base on Diego Garcia.	BIOT established in 1965. Base since early 1970s.	Frozen and disputed sovereignty	Oct 2026 treaty status	UK Parliament Chagos and international law
Abu Musa Greater Tunb and Lesser Tunb Note Map the three islands separately at inset scale. Military installations and maritime access are distinct layers.	Iran. United Arab Emirates claims the islands.	1971. Abu Musa has a distinct administrative history.	Disputed sovereignty with active regional conflict	16 Jul 2026 reporting	AP via Washington Post
Ilemi Triangle Note Keep the claim lines and verified administrative reach separate. The source does not support a single current controller for the entire triangle.	Kenya and South Sudan exercise divided or limited control in the cited account.	Longstanding	Contested boundary	Cartographic reference. Current local footprint unverified.	National Geographic map policy
Asia and the Americas: regional lines · 31
Taiwan Penghu Kinmen and Matsu Note Recognition and sovereignty positions vary. Map Taiwan’s separately administered islands, including those off the mainland coast.	Republic of China or Taiwan government	ROC administration of Taiwan and Penghu from 1945. Separate cross Strait government from 1949.	Frozen and contested sovereignty	Aug 2026 CRS assessment	CRS Taiwan background
Indian and Pakistani administered Kashmir Note The LoC separates areas under different administrations in disputed territory.	India south and east of the LoC. Pakistan administers Azad Jammu and Kashmir and Gilgit Baltistan.	Partition era control from 1947 to 1949. LoC arrangement since 1972.	Contested with episodic fighting	Nov 2026 map	CFR India Pakistan tracker and map
Siachen and Saltoro sector Note Show the Actual Ground Position Line separately from the LoC.	India holds the principal glacier and ridge positions. Pakistan holds positions to the west.	1984	Frozen and contested	2025 advisory and Nov 2026 map	US State Department Karakoram advisory CFR Kashmir map
Aksai Chin and Trans Karakoram or Shaksgam tract Note India rejects the 1963 agreement. Treat Aksai Chin and Shaksgam as distinct areas.	China. India claims both.	Chinese consolidation from the 1950s to 1962. Pakistan China agreement on Shaksgam in 1963.	Frozen and contested sovereignty	Nov 2026 map	CFR Kashmir map
India China Line of Actual Control and disengagement areas Note Disengagement agreements constrain patrols in specific places. The two governments provide different boundary interpretations and no common complete map of the LAC.	Indian and Chinese forces on their respective sides. Local patrol restrictions vary.	Longstanding. Major changes from 2020.	Contested	Aug 2026 bilateral talks	Indian government WMCC account Chinese MFA talks outcomes
China Bhutan disputed sectors Note Doklam and northern valleys require independent parcel and imagery checks. Claim boundaries exceed verified infrastructure footprints.	Chinese settlements, roads and facilities in parts of disputed terrain. Bhutan administers other areas.	Incremental. Substantial construction since the 2010s.	Contested	10 Nov 2026 reporting	The Diplomat border reporting
Korean DMZ and Military Demarcation Line Note The Military Demarcation Line and the demilitarized strip are separate cartographic features. Administration and monitoring follow the armistice.	DPRK to the north. ROK and United Nations Command arrangements to the south.	1953 armistice	Frozen and contested	23 Jun 2026 fact sheet	UN Command DMZ fact sheet
Southern Kurils or Northern Territories Note Use both naming conventions where space permits. Attribute the legal position to the claimant government.	Russia. Japan claims Iturup, Kunashir, Shikotan and Habomai.	Soviet seizure in 1945. Russian succession in 1991.	Frozen and disputed sovereignty	Aug 2026 Japanese statement	Japanese MFA Northern Territories Japanese government statement
Senkaku or Diaoyu Islands Note Coast guard activity in surrounding waters is separate from administration of the islands.	Japan administers. China and Taiwan claim.	Japanese administration restored in 1972	Frozen and disputed sovereignty	Japanese MFA administrative description	Japanese MFA Senkaku administration
Dokdo or Takeshima Note South Korean government sources document security personnel and residents. Legal claims should be attributed.	South Korea. Japan claims the rocks.	South Korean possession consolidated in the 1950s	Frozen and disputed sovereignty	Oct 2026 staffing and residence	ROK MFA administration ROK MFA residents and staff
Paracel Islands Note The feature register lists the 20 AMTI entries. The group control date and individual outpost dates differ.	China. Vietnam and Taiwan claim the island group.	China held the entire group from 1974	Frozen and disputed sovereignty	Aug 2026 assessment	CRS South China Sea assessment AMTI China feature index
Spratly Islands occupied features Note Plot each occupied feature from the feature register. Reclaimed land, reefs and submerged features have different legal and physical characteristics.	China, Malaysia, Philippines, Taiwan and Vietnam hold different features	Varies by site. Mainly 1950s through 1990s.	Contested sovereignty and access	Aug 2026 assessment and AMTI index	CRS South China Sea assessment AMTI Island Tracker
Thailand Cambodia disputed border positions Note Cambodia alleges Thai occupation across the frontier. Thailand says it retained ceasefire positions and disputes the occupation characterization.	Thai and Cambodian forces in disputed sectors	Major changes during 2025 fighting	Contested	Feb 2026 reporting. November positions unverified.	Reuters on competing accounts Cambodian letter circulated at UN
Rakhine and Paletwa in Myanmar Note Mark changing front lines around town and island positions. Claims about control of the whole Ngapyi Island differ from reporting on Alel village.	Arakan Army holds many captured areas. Government retains Sittwe, Kyaukphyu and Manaung sectors.	Major current expansion since Nov 2023	Active and contested	5 Nov 2026 reporting	DVB counteroffensive reporting
Northern and southern Wa territories Note Southern Wa is geographically separate. Some administered territory extends beyond the constitutionally designated area.	UWSP and UWSA parallel administration	Northern core from 1989. Southern expansion later.	Frozen and contested	2026 parallel administration update	ISP Myanmar Wa administration ISP Myanmar parallel administrations
Mong La or Special Region Four Note Mong La operates a separate administration within Myanmar’s international border.	National Democratic Alliance Army parallel administration	1989	Frozen and contested	2026 parallel administration update	ISP Myanmar parallel administrations
Kokang Ta’ang Shan and Kachin areas Note Identify separate organizations and negotiated handovers. Lashio and other areas changed hands, so the older Operation 1027 lines require revision.	MNDAA, TNLA, KIA, SSPP, RCSS, Pa O organizations and other groups in distinct areas	Longstanding enclaves. Major changes from 2023 to 2026.	Active and contested	2026 administrative and recapture reports	ISP Myanmar parallel administrations Myanmar Peace Monitor town recaptures
Chin Karenni Karen Mon Bago Tanintharyi and central Myanmar Note Use actor specific control areas. November claims that the military captured multiple bases near Mon and Bago lacked independent verification.	Ethnic armed organizations, People’s Defence Forces and local resistance administrations interspersed with government positions	Longstanding insurgencies. Extensive changes since 2021.	Active and contested	ACLED data through Jul 2026. Nov battlefield reporting.	ACLED Myanmar outlook AP battlefield reporting
Afghanistan Pakistan border fighting sectors Note Separate cross border incidents from established holds. Reuters could not independently verify claims of captured posts.	Afghan Taliban and Pakistani forces. Claimed captures disputed.	Renewed clashes in 2025 and 2026	Active and contested	Feb and Oct 2026 reporting	Reuters Feb account Reuters Oct update
Port au Prince metropolitan gang areas Note Use neighborhood and corridor evidence. The UN panel describes security gains and continued gang authority on key routes.	Multiple gangs and fractured Viv Ansanm networks, interrupted by police and security held areas	Longstanding. Rapid expansion from 2021 to 2025 and shifts in 2026.	Active and contested	Apr to Jul 2026 reporting	BINUH quarterly findings UN panel report S/2026/714
Lower Artibonite and Centre in Haiti Note Mirebalais and Saut d’Eau have separate local records. Reported attacks in the South East establish a presence or raid at specific locations.	Gran Grif, Kokorat San Ras, Canaan, 400 Mawozo and other groups in different places	Locality specific. Expansion in 2023 to 2026.	Active and contested	First half of 2026	BINUH quarterly findings
Colombia armed group areas Note Major areas include Catatumbo, Arauca, the Pacific belt, Bajo Cauca, southern Bolívar and southern and eastern rural zones. EUAA lists 13 principal areas of dispute. Municipality presence counts do not delimit held territory.	ELN, AGC or EGC, FARC dissident factions and other groups with overlapping authority	ELN from the 1960s. AGC from 2006. Dissident expansion after 2016.	Active and contested	Apr 2026 synthesis. Much underlying data is from 2025.	EUAA main areas of dispute
Venezuelan corridors along Colombia Note Some corridors involve parallel authority, illicit taxation and overlapping state security operations.	ELN and FARC dissidents alongside or tolerated by state actors in some locations	Longstanding. Expansion in the 2010s.	Active and contested	Jul 2026 reporting	EUAA ELN in Venezuela EUAA FARC dissidents
Bolívar and Amazonas mining enclaves Note Map documented mines and surrounding governance at local scale. Regional presence numbers are broader than any single actor’s hold.	Armed mining organizations, ELN, dissidents and local criminal groups, often intertwined with security officials	Varies by site. Especially since the 2010s.	Active and contested	Jul and Sep 2026 reporting	EUAA Venezuela mining security IACHR and REDESCA statement SOS Orinoco study
Sinaloa criminal governance localities Note Map verified turf and governance where local evidence supports it. The report covers Sinaloa and distinguishes urban state operations from shifting rural disputes.	Rival Sinaloa cartel factions with continuing state presence	Current factional war from Sep 2024	Active and contested	Jul 2026 field assessment	International Crisis Group Sinaloa report
Rio metropolitan gang and militia territories Note GENI and Fogo Cruzado distinguish sustained control from intermittent influence. Keep the data vintage visible and check later changes before using a November 2026 label.	Comando Vermelho, Terceiro Comando Puro, militias and other groups	Decades. Dataset begins in 2007.	Active and contested	Underlying maps through 2024	GENI and Fogo Cruzado map update Fogo Cruzado methods and results
Eastern Ankoko or Anacoco Island Note Isolate this physical possession dispute from the broader Guyanese administered Essequibo claim.	Venezuela occupies the portion Guyana identifies as Guyanese territory	1966	Frozen and contested	May 2026 Guyanese submission	Guyana government summary of ICJ submissions
Falkland Islands or Islas Malvinas Note The UN lists the territory as Non Self Governing and identifies the UK as administering power.	United Kingdom and Falkland Islands government. Argentina claims sovereignty.	1833. Interrupted Apr to Jun 1982.	Frozen and disputed sovereignty	10 Nov 2026 briefing	UK Parliament Falkland Islands briefing UN Falkland Islands profile
Guantánamo Bay naval base Note Show the leased base as a special jurisdiction.	United States exercises jurisdiction and control. Cuba retains sovereignty under the lease language and opposes the lease.	1903. Treaty framework from 1934.	Frozen and disputed lease	Legal baseline from CRS	CRS naval station and lease
Essequibo outside the Ankoko issue Note The ICJ provisional measures refer to the area Guyana administers and exercises control over. The Venezuelan claim line is distinct from actual control.	Guyana administers. Venezuela claims.	Guyanese independence in 1966 following British administration	Disputed sovereignty	Jun 2026 ICJ case reporting	Guyana government summary of ICJ measures
New River or Tigri Triangle Note Attribute Guyana’s legal position and show the disputed boundary alignment.	Guyana. Suriname claims.	Guyanese possession consolidated in 1969	Frozen and disputed sovereignty	2025 claimant government statement	Guyana Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Europe and post-Soviet space: local sites · 12
Olivenza / Olivença Note Portugal disputes title. Spanish municipal administration is clear. Use the sourced extent of the claim rather than guessing it from the town boundary.	Spain	1801	Frozen / disputed sovereignty	2024-09-28 reporting	El País, border town and Portuguese claim
Gornja Siga, Danube Note The court records a Croatian inspection. It expressly declines to determine the interstate boundary. The self-proclaimed Liberland claim provides no evidence of effective state control.	Croatian border police and inspectors exercised authority at the site in the documented incident	Documented 2023-10-14	Contested boundary / control uncertain	2023-10-14 inspection, cited in 2026 judgment	Osijek Administrative Court, Us I-981/2025-13
Fenced Varosha, Cyprus Note The UN distinguishes the fenced area from the Green Line. The Security Council calls for reversal of reopening steps taken since October 2020.	Turkish military control, with Turkish Cypriot authorities involved in reopenings	1974	Frozen / contested	June 2026 UN deployment context	UN Secretary-General, S/2026/550 and UNFICYP buffer-zone description Additional source
Strovilia / Akyar liaison post Note The UN calls for restoration of the military situation that preceded 30 June 2000. The post is smaller than the wider village.	Turkish Cypriot security presence and restrictions on UNFICYP movement	2000	Frozen / contested	June to December 2025 reporting period	UN Secretary-General, S/2026/8 Additional source
Kokkina / Erenköy, Cyprus Note Digitize the two ceasefire lines from the UN inset. The enclave is distinct from its supervised access arrangements.	Turkish Cypriot enclave, separated from the main northern zone	1964 enclave, retained after 1974	Frozen / contested	June 2026 UN map	UN Secretary-General, S/2026/550 map annex Additional source
Pyla / Pile, Cyprus Note Civilian use and UN oversight coexist. Use the ceasefire lines and a village marker.	Mixed Greek and Turkish Cypriot village in UNFICYP buffer zone	Current ceasefire alignment 1974	Frozen / buffer zone	UNFICYP live description checked 2026-11-11	UNFICYP, About the buffer zone
Artsvashen / Bashkend Note Armenian exclave within Azerbaijan. Armenia's prime minister said in September 2026 that there was no practical enclave settlement.	Azerbaijan	1992	Frozen / contested	2025 survey and September 2026 status	CivilNet territorial survey Additional source
Karki / Tigranashen Note Azerbaijani exclave within Armenia. Use the mapped Soviet-era enclave extent.	Armenia	1990, per Azerbaijani MFA	Frozen / contested	2025 survey and September 2026 status	CivilNet territorial survey Additional source
Yukhari Askipara / Verin Voskepar Note Distinct from the similarly named non-enclave village transferred to Azerbaijan in 2024.	Armenia	1992, per Azerbaijani MFA	Frozen / contested	2025 survey and September 2026 status	CivilNet territorial survey Additional source
Barkhudarly and Sofulu enclave Note Two settlements in one Azerbaijani enclave. Mark them as two points inside one polygon if scale allows.	Armenia	1992, per Azerbaijani MFA	Frozen / contested	2025 survey and September 2026 status	CivilNet territorial survey Additional source
Cocieri, Moldova Note East-bank village. Checkpoints and bridge access are distinct from municipal administration.	Moldovan local authority. Tiraspol affects road access.	Post-1992 arrangement	Frozen / contested access	2026-01-21 government visit	Government of Moldova, Cocieri plateau visit Additional source
Molovata Nouă, Moldova Note East-bank village. The government's report names its mayor and requests unimpeded delivery routes.	Moldovan local authority. Tiraspol affects road access.	Post-1992 arrangement	Frozen / contested access	2026-01-21 government visit	Government of Moldova, Cocieri plateau visit Additional source
Middle East and Africa: local sites · 27
Northern Ghajar and adjacent area north of the Blue Line Note The UN identifies northern Ghajar and adjacent land north of the line. Southern Ghajar belongs in the Golan context.	Israel Defense Forces	2006 reoccupation of northern sector	Contested / longstanding occupation	Through 2026-02-20, refresh for November	UN Secretary-General, S/2026/160, paragraph 24
Shebaa Farms / Shab'a Farms Note Lebanon claims the farms. The UN used the Syrian-side alignment for the 2000 withdrawal determination, pending an agreed border.	Israel Defense Forces	1967	Contested / active frontier	UNIFIL observations through 2026-02-20	UN Secretary-General, S/2026/160, paragraph 22 Additional source
Kfar Shuba Hills, Lebanon–Syria–Golan interface Note Lebanon claims the hills. UNIFIL reports fire from the Shebaa area toward Kfar Shuba. This does not locate every position or imply control of Kfar Shuba village.	Israeli positions in the adjoining Shebaa area. Exact hill-sector footprint requires verification.	Since 1967 for adjoining occupied terrain	Contested / active frontier	UNIFIL observations through 2026-02-20	UN Secretary-General, S/2026/160, paragraph 22 Additional source
Heglig oil facility and immediate approaches, Sudan Note Facility protection and RSF control of surrounding territory and pipeline access are distinct. Refresh the facility guard deployment before print.	RSF captured the area. South Sudanese forces deployed to guard the facility under an agreement.	2025-12-08 capture. Mid-December protection.	Active / overlapping authority	2026-09-27 update on RSF transit tolls	EUAA Sudan Security Situation, West Kordofan Additional source
Babanusa, West Kordofan Note The captured city and 22nd Division base are distinguishable from the broader front. Refresh current control.	Rapid Support Forces in EUAA's period of reporting	2025-12	Active / dated control	July 2026 regional control assessment	EUAA Sudan Security Situation, West Kordofan
Al Nuhud, West Kordofan Note Capture date refers to the city. Refresh current control.	Rapid Support Forces in EUAA's period of reporting	2025-05	Active / dated control	July 2026 regional control assessment	EUAA Sudan Security Situation, West Kordofan
Al Khuwai, West Kordofan Note Capture date refers to the town. Refresh current control.	Rapid Support Forces in EUAA's period of reporting	2025-05	Active / dated control	July 2026 regional control assessment	EUAA Sudan Security Situation, West Kordofan
Kafia Kingi / Hofrat en Nahas Note Nearby RSF control in South Darfur cannot establish control of every part of Kafia Kingi.	Sudan and South Sudan claim the region. Current local force disposition unverified.	Independence-era dispute, 2011	Contested	2026 reporting on claim and adjoining territory	EUAA Sudan Security Situation, South Darfur Additional source
Ras Doumeira and Doumeira Island Note The headland, island and former peacekeeper positions require separate observation. The UN demanded withdrawal from the area of conflict in 2009.	Eritrean entry reported by Djibouti after Qatar's withdrawal. Current exact disposition unverified.	2008 clash. 2017 reports of renewed presence.	Contested	BTI 2026 confirms unresolved dispute	BTI Djibouti country report Additional source
Mbanié / Mbañe Note The ICJ found the 1900 Convention is the applicable legal title for the islands in the dispute. It did not determine sovereignty in the operative ruling or report physical handover.	Last documented Gabonese possession. Transfer under the implementation process unverified here.	Gabonese seizure in 1972	Contested / implementation	August 2026 implementation mechanism	ICJ judgment press release and Reuters historical possession Additional source
Cocotiers / Cocoteros Note The legal-title finding covers the islet. A physical-control label needs separate confirmation.	Physical administration unverified here	Dispute since at least 1972	Contested / implementation	August 2026 implementation mechanism	ICJ judgment and implementation reporting Additional source
Conga Note The legal-title finding covers the islet. A physical-control label needs separate confirmation.	Physical administration unverified here	Dispute since at least 1972	Contested / implementation	August 2026 implementation mechanism	ICJ judgment and implementation reporting Additional source
Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera / Badis Note The sand isthmus creates a short land border. Morocco claims the Spanish-held possession.	Spain	1564 continuous Spanish rule	Frozen / disputed sovereignty	October 2026 reporting	SWI swissinfo.ch, Spanish–Moroccan boundary Additional source
Alhucemas Islands / Al Hoceima Note Spanish-held group claimed by Morocco. This date refers to the main Peñón.	Spain	Peñón since 1673	Frozen / disputed sovereignty	September 2026 reporting	Observatorio de Ceuta y Melilla, Spanish military positions
Chafarinas Islands / Iles Jaafarines Note Spanish-held group claimed by Morocco.	Spain	1848	Frozen / disputed sovereignty	September 2026 reporting	Observatorio de Ceuta y Melilla, Spanish military positions
Perejil / Leila Islet Note Some Spanish reporting groups it with garrisoned possessions. A claim and routine nearby patrol do not prove sustained occupation.	Claimed by Spain and Morocco. No continuous garrison confirmed.	2002 standoff and restoration of prior situation	Frozen / disputed sovereignty	2026 reporting on continuing dispute	Diario AS, disputed possessions
El Adde, Gedo Note The source distinguishes this town and its surroundings from mixed rural areas elsewhere in Gedo. Refresh for November.	Al-Shabaab	Documented by 2025-03-31	Active / dated control	2026-03-31 control map	EUAA Somalia Security Situation, Gedo
Cows Qurun, Gedo Note The source distinguishes the town and its surroundings from mixed rural areas elsewhere in Gedo. Refresh for November.	Al-Shabaab	Documented by 2025-03-31	Active / dated control	2026-03-31 control map	EUAA Somalia Security Situation, Gedo
Doolow, Gedo Note Federal, Jubbaland and allied foreign deployments vary by location. Do not extend town control across Gedo.	Jubbaland-aligned autonomous forces including allied units	Documented by 2025-03-31	Active / dated control	2026-03-31 control map	EUAA Somalia Security Situation, Gedo
Luuq, Gedo Note The prior-year map showed full Jubbaland control. Inter-clan fighting is a distinct issue.	Mixed Jubbaland and federal control	Changed between March 2025 and March 2026	Active / contested	2026-03-31 control map	EUAA Somalia Security Situation, Gedo
Ceel Waaq / El Wak, Gedo Note The prior-year map showed full Jubbaland control. Distinguish this town from the nearby Kenyan town.	Mixed Jubbaland and federal control	Changed between March 2025 and March 2026	Active / contested	2026-03-31 control map	EUAA Somalia Security Situation, Gedo
Jamaame, Lower Juba Note Other nearby areas had mixed control. Refresh for November.	Al-Shabaab	Documented by 2025-03-31	Active / dated control	2026-03-31 control map	EUAA Somalia Security Situation, Lower Juba
Hagar, Lower Juba Note Town-level assessment. Refresh for November.	Al-Shabaab	Documented by 2025-03-31	Active / dated control	2026-03-31 control map	EUAA Somalia Security Situation, Lower Juba
Mido, Lower Juba Note Town-level assessment. Refresh for November.	Al-Shabaab	Documented by 2025-03-31	Active / dated control	2026-03-31 control map	EUAA Somalia Security Situation, Lower Juba
Berhani, Lower Juba Note Town-level assessment. Refresh for November.	Al-Shabaab	Documented by 2025-03-31	Active / dated control	2026-03-31 control map	EUAA Somalia Security Situation, Lower Juba
Badhaadhe, Lower Juba Note Town-level assessment. Refresh for November.	Al-Shabaab	Documented by 2025-03-31	Active / dated control	2026-03-31 control map	EUAA Somalia Security Situation, Lower Juba
Kismayo, Lower Juba Note Federal member state authority with effective local security control. Its status differs from that of secessionist Somaliland.	Jubbaland authorities	Documented by 2025-03-31	Contested federal relationship	2026-03-31 control map	EUAA Somalia Security Situation, Lower Juba
Asia and the Americas: local sites · 16
Kalapani–Lipulekh–Limpiyadhura Note River-source interpretations drive the competing claims. 1962 refers to the deployment at Kalapani.	India administers the disputed corridor. Nepal claims it.	Indian military presence at Kalapani since 1962	Frozen / contested	June 2026 reporting	Al Jazeera, border explainer and map Additional source
Susta riverine boundary Note Reported incursion ended with withdrawal. Unmarked sectors and claims of land occupation lack a verified parcel inventory.	Nepali local administration with contested land use and reports of Indian encroachment	Longstanding. Narayani shifted in 1977.	Contested	2026-06-12 patrol incident	Kathmandu Post, Susta field reporting Additional source
Dongsha / Pratas Island Note PRC claims and offshore patrols coexist with Taiwan's administration of the island. Pratas is outside the 70 tracker records.	Taiwan / Republic of China	Postwar ROC administration	Frozen / contested	2026-08-18 patrol report	Taiwan Coast Guard Administration Additional source
Sandy Cay / Pag-asa cays near Thitu Note Vietnam also claims the cays. Sandy Cay is distinct from Vietnamese-held Sand Cay.	China reported landing and exercising control. The Philippines denied a seizure. Sustained possession unverified.	Competing reports in April 2025	Contested / unverified	April 2025 incident	Philippine Presidential Communications Office Additional source
Machias Seal Island Note The land dispute is distinct from the offshore fisheries Grey Zone. Canadian government records confirm administration and the dispute.	Canada administers the sanctuary and lighthouse. United States also claims the island.	Lighthouse in operation since 1832	Frozen / disputed sovereignty	Live administration page checked 2026-11-11	Environment and Climate Change Canada, island sanctuary Additional source
Navassa / La Navase Note Federal administration is clear despite the island's uninhabited status.	United States Fish and Wildlife Service administers the refuge. Haiti claims the island.	U.S. claim 1857. Refuge 1999.	Frozen / disputed sovereignty	2026-05-06 refuge update	U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Additional source
Sapodilla Cayes / Cayos Zapotillos Note The ICJ's March 2026 judgment allowed Guatemala to intervene as a non-party. It did not settle title to the islands.	Belize administers the marine reserve. Honduras and Guatemala claim the cayes.	Belizean reserve declared 1996	Frozen / disputed sovereignty	April 2026 ICJ proceedings and live fisheries page	Belize Fisheries Department, reserve and management Additional source
Rincón de Artigas, Brazil–Uruguay Note Uruguay expressly reserved its position over the wind project. The ministry's note is evidence of the claim rather than a mutually agreed boundary.	Brazil exercises administration. Uruguay disputes the boundary.	Longstanding. Uruguay's diplomatic note dates to 1988.	Frozen / disputed sovereignty	2025 note and 2026 reporting	Uruguay Ministry of Foreign Affairs Additional source
Isla Brasilera / Ilha Brasileira Note River island near the Cuareim–Uruguay confluence. This is separate from Rincón de Artigas.	Brazil. Uruguay disputes title.	Longstanding. Exact start of administration not established here.	Frozen / disputed sovereignty	2026 reporting	El Observador, disputed border areas
South Georgia Note The occupied 1982 period is historical. Argentina's claim persists.	United Kingdom. Argentina claims the island.	British dependencies framework 1908. UK restored control April 1982.	Frozen / disputed sovereignty	UK travel advice current September 2026	UK Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office Additional source
South Sandwich Islands Note Map the separate island chain. The former Argentine Southern Thule station is historical.	United Kingdom. Argentina claims the islands.	British dependencies framework 1908. Argentine presence on Southern Thule ended in 1982.	Frozen / disputed sovereignty	UK travel advice current September 2026	UK Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office Additional source
Cité Soleil, Port-au-Prince Note The report describes competing turf and fractured alliances. A commune-wide single-actor fill would overstate the evidence.	Rival gang factions in different neighborhoods, with changes in security operations	Renewed fighting from March 2026	Active / criminal governance	Through 2026-07-31	UN Panel of Experts on Haiti, S/2026/714 Additional source
Plaine du Cul-de-Sac, Haiti Note The report supports a zone of competition. Identify verified local boundaries separately.	Rival gang factions with changing local control	Renewed fighting from March 2026	Active / criminal governance	Through 2026-07-31	UN Panel of Experts on Haiti, S/2026/714 Additional source
Mirebalais, Haiti Note The interim report names the town. The final report describes consolidated control in Centre and on border routes.	400 Mawozo and Canaan gang network in the reported period	Documented by early 2026	Active / criminal governance	First half of 2026. Refresh for November.	UN Panel of Experts on Haiti, S/2026/241 and S/2026/714 Additional source
Saut-d'Eau, Haiti Note The interim report names the town. The final report describes consolidated control in Centre and on border routes.	400 Mawozo and Canaan gang network in the reported period	Documented by early 2026	Active / criminal governance	First half of 2026. Refresh for November.	UN Panel of Experts on Haiti, S/2026/241 and S/2026/714 Additional source
Lower Artibonite, Haiti Note Attack reports can direct a search for held locations. They do not identify a uniform actor across the department.	Gran Grif, Kokorat San Ras and Canaan in distinct localities	Documented expansion from March 2026	Active / criminal governance	Through July 2026. Security forces deployed in August.	UN Panel of Experts on Haiti, S/2026/714 Additional source
South China Sea features · 70
Cuarteron Reef (Spratly Islands)	China	1988	Frozen control / contested sovereignty	Page 2022-07-08, image 2022-05-26	CSIS AMTI
Fiery Cross Reef (Spratly Islands)	China	1988	Frozen control / contested sovereignty	Page 2026-10-29, image 2022-06-17	CSIS AMTI
Gaven Reefs (Spratly Islands)	China	1988	Frozen control / contested sovereignty	Page 2026-10-29, image 2022-06-04	CSIS AMTI
Hughes Reef (Spratly Islands)	China	1988	Frozen control / contested rights	Page 2026-10-29, image 2022-04-04	CSIS AMTI
Johnson Reef (Spratly Islands)	China	1988	Frozen control / contested sovereignty	Page 2026-10-29, image 2017-07-10	CSIS AMTI
Mischief Reef (Spratly Islands) Note Chinese physical control dates to 1994 in AMTI's account. The 2016 tribunal placed the feature in the Philippine EEZ and continental shelf.	China	1994	Frozen control / contested rights	Page 2026-10-30, image 2020-04-23	CSIS AMTI
Subi Reef (Spratly Islands)	China	1988	Frozen control / contested rights	Page 2026-10-30, image 2020-03-27	CSIS AMTI
Antelope Reef (Paracel Islands) Note August 2026 imagery shows extensive new land and likely runway construction. The runway inference is AMTI's assessment.	China	1974 (group control)	Frozen control / contested sovereignty	Page 2026-08-14, image 2026-08-14	CSIS AMTI
Bombay Reef (Paracel Islands) Note China consolidated control of the Paracel group in 1974. The individual site establishment date is unspecified.	China	1974 (group control)	Frozen control / contested sovereignty	Page 2019-02-11, image 2017-09-11	CSIS AMTI
Drummond Island (Paracel Islands)	China	1974	Frozen control / contested sovereignty	Page 2022-07-08, image 2022-06-23	CSIS AMTI
Duncan Islands (Paracel Islands)	China	1974	Frozen control / contested sovereignty	Page 2022-07-08, image 2022-06-12	CSIS AMTI
Lincoln Island (Paracel Islands) Note China consolidated control of the Paracel group in 1974. The individual site establishment date is unspecified.	China	1974 (group control)	Frozen control / contested sovereignty	Page 2022-07-08, image 2022-06-16	CSIS AMTI
Middle Island (Paracel Islands) Note China consolidated control of the Paracel group in 1974. The individual site establishment date is unspecified.	China	1974 (group control)	Frozen control / contested sovereignty	Page 2018-03-02, image 2017-12-26	CSIS AMTI
Money Island (Paracel Islands)	China	1974	Frozen control / contested sovereignty	Page 2022-07-08, image 2022-06-12	CSIS AMTI
North Island (Paracel Islands) Note China consolidated control of the Paracel group in 1974. The individual site establishment date is unspecified.	China	1974 (group control)	Frozen control / contested sovereignty	Page 2018-03-02, image 2017-12-26	CSIS AMTI
North Reef (Paracel Islands) Note China consolidated control of the Paracel group in 1974. The individual site establishment date is unspecified.	China	1974 (group control)	Frozen control / contested sovereignty	Page 2019-02-06, image 2017-11-29	CSIS AMTI
Observation Bank (Paracel Islands) Note China consolidated control of the Paracel group in 1974. The individual site establishment date is unspecified.	China	1974 (group control)	Frozen control / contested sovereignty	Page 2019-02-06, image 2017-09-12	CSIS AMTI
Pattle Island (Paracel Islands)	China	1974	Frozen control / contested sovereignty	Page 2022-07-08, image 2022-06-12	CSIS AMTI
Quanfu Island (Paracel Islands) Note China consolidated control of the Paracel group in 1974. The individual site establishment date is unspecified.	China	1974 (group control)	Frozen control / contested sovereignty	Page 2019-02-06, image 2017-10-29	CSIS AMTI
Robert Island (Paracel Islands)	China	1974	Frozen control / contested sovereignty	Page 2021-02-22, image 2017-12-10	CSIS AMTI
South Island (Paracel Islands) Note China consolidated control of the Paracel group in 1974. The individual site establishment date is unspecified.	China	1974 (group control)	Frozen control / contested sovereignty	Page 2018-03-03, image 2017-12-26	CSIS AMTI
South Sand (Paracel Islands) Note China consolidated control of the Paracel group in 1974. The individual site establishment date is unspecified.	China	1974 (group control)	Frozen control / contested sovereignty	Page 2019-02-06, image 2018-01-25	CSIS AMTI
Tree Island (Paracel Islands) Note China consolidated control of the Paracel group in 1974. The individual site establishment date is unspecified.	China	1974 (group control)	Frozen control / contested sovereignty	Page 2022-07-08, image 2022-06-20	CSIS AMTI
Triton Island (Paracel Islands) Note China consolidated control of the Paracel group in 1974. The individual site establishment date is unspecified.	China	1974 (group control)	Frozen control / contested sovereignty	Page 2018-03-05, image 2017-10-27	CSIS AMTI
West Sand (Paracel Islands) Note China consolidated control of the Paracel group in 1974. The individual site establishment date is unspecified.	China	1974 (group control)	Frozen control / contested sovereignty	Page 2018-03-02, image 2017-12-26	CSIS AMTI
Woody Island (Paracel Islands)	China	1955	Frozen control / contested sovereignty	Page 2026-10-29, image 2022-06-16	CSIS AMTI
Yagong Island (Paracel Islands) Note China consolidated control of the Paracel group in 1974. The individual site establishment date is unspecified.	China	1974 (group control)	Frozen control / contested sovereignty	Page 2019-02-06, image 2017-09-29	CSIS AMTI
Scarborough Shoal (Scarborough Shoal) Note China maintains the predominant coast guard presence. The July 2026 AIS study also documents Philippine patrols and temporary structures.	China	2012	Contested access	Page 2026-01-15, image 2016-10-29	CSIS AMTI
Ardasier Reef (Spratly Islands)	Malaysia	1986	Frozen control / contested rights	Page 2026-10-30, image 2017-04-02	CSIS AMTI
Erica Reef (Spratly Islands)	Malaysia	1999	Frozen control / contested sovereignty	Page 2026-10-30, image 2017-06-29	CSIS AMTI
Investigator Shoal (Spratly Islands)	Malaysia	1999	Frozen control / contested rights	Page 2026-10-30, image 2017-03-31	CSIS AMTI
Mariveles Reef (Spratly Islands)	Malaysia	1986	Frozen control / contested rights	Page 2026-10-30, image 2017-12-15	CSIS AMTI
Swallow Reef (Spratly Islands)	Malaysia	1983	Frozen control / contested sovereignty	Page 2026-10-30, image 2017-11-25	CSIS AMTI
Commodore Reef (Spratly Islands)	Philippines	1978	Frozen control / contested sovereignty	Page 2022-07-08, image 2022-06-16	CSIS AMTI
Flat Island (Spratly Islands)	Philippines	1974	Frozen control / contested sovereignty	Page 2018-03-05, image 2018-01-01	CSIS AMTI
Loaita Cay (Spratly Islands)	Philippines	1978	Frozen control / contested sovereignty	Page 2022-07-08, image 2022-04-20	CSIS AMTI
Loaita Island (Spratly Islands)	Philippines	1978	Frozen control / contested sovereignty	Page 2022-07-08, image 2022-04-20	CSIS AMTI
Nanshan Island (Spratly Islands)	Philippines	1974	Frozen control / contested sovereignty	Page 2022-07-08, image 2022-04-20	CSIS AMTI
Northeast Cay (Spratly Islands)	Philippines	1968	Frozen control / contested sovereignty	Page 2018-02-28, image 2017-12-01	CSIS AMTI
Second Thomas Shoal (Spratly Islands) Note The Philippines maintains the BRP Sierra Madre outpost. The 2016 tribunal treated the shoal as a low-tide elevation in the Philippine EEZ.	Philippines	1999	Contested access	Page 2023-10-12, image 2017-09-28	CSIS AMTI
Thitu Island (Spratly Islands)	Philippines	1974	Frozen control / contested sovereignty	Page 2026-10-29, image 2022-04-04	CSIS AMTI
West York Island (Spratly Islands)	Philippines	1974	Frozen control / contested sovereignty	Page 2022-07-08, image 2022-03-07	CSIS AMTI
Itu Aba Island (Spratly Islands)	Taiwan	1956	Frozen control / contested sovereignty	Page 2026-10-30, image 2018-01-08	CSIS AMTI
Alison Reef (Spratly Islands)	Vietnam	1988	Frozen control / contested rights	Page 2026-10-29, image 2025-06-02	CSIS AMTI
Amboyna Cay (Spratly Islands)	Vietnam	1978	Frozen control / contested sovereignty	Page 2026-10-29, image 2025-07-06	CSIS AMTI
Barque Canada Reef (Spratly Islands)	Vietnam	1987	Frozen control / contested sovereignty	Page 2026-10-29, image 2025-08-01	CSIS AMTI
Central Reef (Spratly Islands)	Vietnam	1978	Frozen control / contested sovereignty	Page 2026-10-29, image 2025-06-10	CSIS AMTI
Collins Reef (Spratly Islands)	Vietnam	1988	Frozen control / contested sovereignty	Page 2026-10-29, image 2025-08-07	CSIS AMTI
Cornwallis South Reef (Spratly Islands) Note AMTI records two confirmed outposts and two whose status is unclear. This row represents one reef.	Vietnam	1988	Frozen control / contested rights	Page 2026-10-29, image 2025-07-28	CSIS AMTI
Discovery Great Reef (Spratly Islands)	Vietnam	1988	Frozen control / contested sovereignty	Page 2026-10-29, image 2025-07-21	CSIS AMTI
East Reef (Spratly Islands)	Vietnam	1988	Frozen control / contested sovereignty	Page 2026-10-29, image 2021-05-22	CSIS AMTI
Grierson Reef (Spratly Islands)	Vietnam	1978	Frozen control / contested sovereignty	Page 2026-10-29, image 2026-03-05	CSIS AMTI
Ladd Reef (Spratly Islands)	Vietnam	1988	Frozen control / contested rights	Page 2026-10-29, image 2025-07-07	CSIS AMTI
Lansdowne Reef (Spratly Islands)	Vietnam	1988	Frozen control / contested sovereignty	Page 2026-10-29, image 2026-03-12	CSIS AMTI
Namyit Island (Spratly Islands)	Vietnam	1973	Frozen control / contested sovereignty	Page 2026-10-29, image 2024-05-16	CSIS AMTI
Pearson Reef (Spratly Islands) Note AMTI's Vietnam index and the feature description identify Vietnam. The feature page's Occupied by field repeats the reef's name.	Vietnam	1978	Frozen control / contested sovereignty	Page 2026-10-29, image 2025-08-01	CSIS AMTI
Petley Reef (Spratly Islands)	Vietnam	1988	Frozen control / contested sovereignty	Page 2026-10-29, image 2026-04-10	CSIS AMTI
Sand Cay (Spratly Islands) Note Vietnam-held Sand Cay is distinct from Sandy Cay near Thitu Island.	Vietnam	1974	Frozen control / contested sovereignty	Page 2026-10-29, image 2025-08-09	CSIS AMTI
Sin Cowe Island (Spratly Islands)	Vietnam	1974	Frozen control / contested sovereignty	Page 2026-10-29, image 2022-01-09	CSIS AMTI
South Reef (Spratly Islands)	Vietnam	1988	Frozen control / contested sovereignty	Page 2026-10-29, image 2026-03-05	CSIS AMTI
Southwest Cay (Spratly Islands)	Vietnam	1975	Frozen control / contested sovereignty	Page 2026-10-29, image 2022-01-06	CSIS AMTI
Spratly Island (Spratly Islands)	Vietnam	1974	Frozen control / contested sovereignty	Page 2026-10-29, image 2020-06-06	CSIS AMTI
Tennent Reef (Spratly Islands)	Vietnam	1974	Frozen control / contested sovereignty	Page 2026-10-29, image 2025-07-10	CSIS AMTI
West Reef (Spratly Islands)	Vietnam	1987	Frozen control / contested sovereignty	Page 2026-10-29, image 2025-08-09	CSIS AMTI
Alexandra Bank (DK1 banks) Note Vietnamese DK1 facilities on a submerged bank. AMTI treats DK1 banks as distinct from the Spratly island group in Vietnam's position.	Vietnam	1991	Frozen platform presence	Page 2018-03-05, image 2017-10-07	CSIS AMTI
Grainger Bank (DK1 banks) Note Vietnamese DK1 facilities on a submerged bank. AMTI treats DK1 banks as distinct from the Spratly island group in Vietnam's position.	Vietnam	1991	Frozen platform presence	Page 2022-04-04, image 2018-05-19	CSIS AMTI
Prince Consort Bank (DK1 banks) Note Vietnamese DK1 facilities on a submerged bank. AMTI treats DK1 banks as distinct from the Spratly island group in Vietnam's position.	Vietnam	Start unreported	Frozen platform presence	Page 2023-04-06, image 2017-08-07	CSIS AMTI
Prince of Wales Bank (DK1 banks) Note Vietnamese DK1 facilities on a submerged bank. AMTI treats DK1 banks as distinct from the Spratly island group in Vietnam's position.	Vietnam	Start unreported	Frozen platform presence	Page 2018-03-05, image 2017-10-10	CSIS AMTI
Rifleman Bank (DK1 banks) Note Vietnamese DK1 facilities on a submerged bank. AMTI treats DK1 banks as distinct from the Spratly island group in Vietnam's position.	Vietnam	Start unreported	Frozen platform presence	Page 2024-09-25, image 2017-04-03	CSIS AMTI
Vanguard Bank (DK1 banks) Note Vietnamese DK1 facilities on a submerged bank. AMTI treats DK1 banks as distinct from the Spratly island group in Vietnam's position.	Vietnam	Start unreported	Frozen platform presence	Page 2018-03-05, image 2017-11-15	CSIS AMTI
Under review, not yet on the print · 10
Cabo Delgado in Mozambique Note Activity across nine districts identifies the conflict’s reach. Assess held sites within the districts individually.	Islamic State Mozambique in operational areas and temporary holds. State and allied forces elsewhere.	Insurgency since 2017. Local control varies.	Active. Durable area control unverified.	Oct 2026 activity	ACLED Mozambique Conflict Monitor
Anglophone Cameroon Note War Watch documents armed conflict and evaluates territorial control under an international humanitarian law threshold. A coherent separatist polygon remains unverified.	Ambazonian separatist factions and Cameroon’s state forces	Armed conflict since 2017. Local dates vary.	Active. Territorial extent unverified.	2026 classification	Geneva Academy War Watch
Central African Republic rebel localities Note Confirm smaller rebel controlled or contested localities using current reporting. Older broad rebel outlines predate government gains.	Rival rebel and militia groups in some rural localities. State forces regained many towns.	Repeated changes since 2013. Government advances from 2021.	Active and contested	Retrospective reporting in BTI 2026	BTI 2026 Central African Republic report
Other eastern DR Congo armed group areas Note Identify local held sites independently of attack locations. The briefing addresses civilian threats and negotiations alongside territorial issues.	Allied Democratic Forces and other local militias have operational areas and some local authority	Local dates vary	Active. Territorial extent unverified.	2026 MONUSCO briefing	UN MONUSCO briefing
Northwestern Nigeria bandit localities Note Confirm local governance and access separately. The national source describes widespread activity and lacks control outlines.	Armed bandit groups exercise coercion at local scale	Local dates vary	Active. Territorial extent unverified.	Live country overview	ACLED Nigeria overview
Southern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa former FATA and Balochistan Note ACLED reports roadblocks and patrols while distinguishing them from durable control. EUAA documents shadow governance in parts of North Waziristan. Use activity or influence symbols for the areas described.	TTP exercises shadow administration and coercion in parts of KP. Baloch insurgents operate in separate areas.	TTP resurgence after 2021. Local dates vary.	Active. Territorial extent unverified.	ACLED evidence through Sep 2025. EUAA update in 2026.	ACLED TTP borderlands assessment EUAA armed actors
Papua in Indonesia Note Mining influence and local armed incidents support points or a dated contested zone where there is evidence. Continuous rebel boundaries remain unverified.	TPNPB insurgents operate in parts of the central and highland regions. Indonesia maintains state forces.	Longstanding insurgency. Escalated in 2026.	Active. Territorial extent unverified.	May 2026 incident reporting	ACLED Asia Pacific overview
Philippines insurgent localities Note Clashes and remnant cells support an activity layer. Confirm any local sustained control with separate evidence.	NPA and remaining jihadist cells in distinct areas	Longstanding. Residual activity in 2026.	Active. Durable area control unverified.	2026 reporting	ACLED Asia Pacific overview RSIS Philippines assessment
Ecuador gang neighborhoods and prisons Note Evidence supports local turf and prison governance research. Verify more recent control before drawing individual neighborhoods or facilities.	Competing criminal groups and state security forces	Local dates vary	Active and contested	Late 2025 outlook for 2026	ACLED Ecuador assessment
Sarstoon River and island Note Plot reported incidents and competing claims. Mainland administration remains a distinct issue.	Belizean and Guatemalan forces contest patrol access	Longstanding boundary dispute. New incidents in 2026.	Contested access	Sep and Nov 2026 incidents	Commonwealth statement La Hora incident reporting

205 records plus 10 under review, research cutoff 11 Nov 2026. Physical control, legal claims and military presence are recorded separately, because holding a place is not the same as owning it. Evidence dates vary by record, and active front lines are re-checked before each print.

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